Types of Canine Cancers

Here is a list of several common types of canine cancer. However, there are nearly 100 types of cancers in total.

Lymphoma

This is the most common type of canine cancer. It originates in a dog’s lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small structures of the immune system located throughout your dog’s body. They contain cells that fight infections by attacking germs circulating through his or her system. Lymphoma is not typically curable, but can be treated. Since, lymphoma is a systemic cancer, chemotherapy is usually the treatment selected.

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in dogs. It often starts in a leg and may present as lameness and/or swelling. Unfortunately, it tends to be extremely aggressive and needs to be diagnosed and treated quickly. Amputation of the affected leg is usually the first path of treatment.

Hemangiosarcoma

Hemangiosarcoma is a cancer in the blood vessels. It often starts in the spleen, but can grow in other organs such as the heart or lungs. It is a very serious type of cancer that needs immediate treatment. Symptoms may include lethargy, pale gums, trouble breathing, or even collapse.

Mast Cell

Mast cell is a type of skin cancer that presents as lumps on or under a dog’s skin. The characteristics vary which can make diagnoses tricky without testing.

Melanoma

Melanoma tumors appear as dark patches on a dog’s skin. They are often found in the mouth area or on the paws. It can quickly spread to other places in the body such as lymph nodes, lungs, or liver.

Fibrosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma is a cancer that originates in the connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments. It can form anywhere on the body. Fibrosarcoma often presents as a lump or bump which may be under the skin or on top of the skin. It is usually treatable if caught early.

Nasal

Tumors that grow in the nasal cavity are difficult to diagnose and are usually cancerous. Symptoms may present as nasal discharge, frequent sneezing, or bloody noses. They can damage surrounding tissue and even bone. They also often spread to nearby lymph nodes. Radiation is usually the treatment selected.

Oral

Oral tumors form in the skin, gums, or bone of a dog’s mouth. Symptoms may include excessive drooling, bad breath, or difficulty eating. Treatments may include surgery and/or radiation.

Brain Tumors

Brain tumors may cause seizures, vision loss, nausea, loss of balance, or changes in personality. If found early they can often be treated if using surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation.

Sources: Oklahoma Veterinary Specialists, PetCure Oncology, Spring House Animal Hospital